THIRD WORLD CONFERENCE FOUNDATION

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The 22nd Annual Third World Conference convened in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A on March 27-30, 1996. It continues the Third World Conference series which are internationally recognized for its unique format of discussion and inquiry into the development issues and events of the Third World and Diaspora communities. Each annual conference has strived to pose original questions, pursue in-depth analysis and provide practical solutions to key issues confronting the contemporary global system, especially the Third World and Diaspora societies.

The Conference represented the knowledge, research, and applied work of leading scholars, analysts, regional and international experts from the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America and many Third World countries. Their combined efforts provided the compendium of interdisciplinary and intercultural research and analysis contributing to the success of the conference. It is these efforts and works that comprise the Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Third World Conference and it is to these contributors that we are the most indebted.

The Proceedings provide the reader with critical analysis and broad understanding of the complex development problems in a constantly changing global system. On behalf of Dr. Winberg Chai, Chairperson, and the other members of the Board of Directors of the Third World Conference Foundation, I encourage you to examine these Proceedings and further explore the related social issues in preparation for the 21st century.

Again, we thank the 22nd Annual Third World Conference presenters, discussants and participants for their participation and support. We also thank the Board of Directors and staff members of the Third World Conference Foundation. It is the combined efforts and dedication of all these people that made this Conference and this edition of Proceedings possible.

Dr. Roger K. Oden,
Professor of Political Science
President
Third World Conference Foundation

Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

The Proceedings of the Annual Third World Conference are part of the series of interdisciplinary and intercultural publications of the Third World Conference Foundation. They offer readers an extensive selection of contemporary thought and analysis of Third World issues and development questions from both regional and sub-regional perspectives. The Proceedings promote continued awareness of the problems facing Third World societies, and encourage others to become concerned with finding more just and humane strategies at the local, national, and global levels.

Correspondence should be directed to TWCF Publications Third World Conference Foundation, P.O. Box 53650, Chicago, Illinois 60653-0650. Manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate (one original and two clean copies) with floppy disk media indicating name and version of word processing program used. Manuscripts (typed on one side only) must be double-spaced, including the abstract, quotes, and notes. Notes should be placed at the end and be in the form used in the Chicago Manual of Style 13th ed., style B. A biographical statement of approximately 50 words and a IOQ·150 word abstract should accompany the manuscript. Copyright Policy of the Proceedings: all material not previously copyrighted will be copyrighted by TWCF Publications, with rights to sale and reprint reserved to the Proceedings, under the terms stated below. The Proceedings reserves the right to authorize reprinting of any work or portion thereof published in the Proceedings, for such fees as it may determine, after securing the consent of the author. Upon the request of the author, the Proceedings may authorize the reprinting of her/his work.

The Proceedings (ISSN 0885-2316) is published annually, following the annual Third World Conference by TWCF Publications, Inc., P.O. Box 53650, Chicago, Illinois 60653-0650. Copyright 1996 by the THIRD WORLD CONFERENCE FOUNDATION, INC. All rights reserved. No portion of the contents may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher. Statements of fact or opinion appearing in the Proceedings are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the editors or publisher.

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TWCF PUBLICATIONS IS A DIVISION OF THE THIRD WORLD CONFERENCE FOUNDATION, INC.

Essays at a Glance

Keynote Address

A Third World Women's Reflection on the Journey from Mexico City to Beijing
Beverly Anderson-Manley
The paper reflects the development of Third World Women's social status during the last three decades and looks into the future for the accomplishment of gender equalities for the whole human beings.

Part I: Global Relations and Regional Issues

International Law and the Movement of Persons Across National Borders
Andrew Conteh
The paper examines the relationship between the development of international law and the increasing migration in a global context. It focuses on the exploration of the conceptual evolution, aims and mechanism of related international law to guide the movement of people across national boundaries.

International Affectivity and Foreign Policy: The United States and the Third World
Christopher P. Carney
The author of this paper demonstrates an understanding of the influence interstate affectivity exerts on the foreign policy behavior of nations. In testing his hypothesis, expressions of Third World affect toward the United States were regressed upon aid donations from the U.S.

Civilizational Development of the Post-Soviet Independent States
Arkady Levin
The paper analyzes the complex implications for the civilizational development of the Post-Soviet independent states in the context of the "disintegration-integration" processes of social civilizations.

Juvenile Delinquency and its Treatment Countermeasure in China
Zhenxiang Zhou
The author of this paper examines the historical changes, characteristics and causes of the juvenile delinquency in China. The treatment of countermeasure of the juvenile delinquency in China is also examined.

"Everywhere There Was Life": How Native Americans Can Save the World
Louis Owens
The paper elaborates on the development for the native Americans from cultural and historical perspectives by examining the works and ides of some American Indian authors. It argues that the closeness of vision, reciprocity and respect toward the human surroundings are powerful medicines to save the humanity from itself.

Part II: Economic and Educational Perspectives

The Equity Market Performance of the Ten Big Emerging Economics in 1990s
William Cheng
The paper concentrates on the analysis of the performance of the ten big emerging stock markets as identified by the Department of Commerce: Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, South Korea and Turkey. It concludes with certain differences compared with developed markets.

Reconceiving the State and Economy: Focus on Latin America
Brian K. Clardy
The paper reexamines the socio-economic, political, military and cultural development of nation-states in Latin American through the case studies of Argentina, Brazil and Chile. Great common similarities are concluded in the evolution of nation-states and social transformation.

U.S. Direct Investment in the People's Republic of China --How to Do Business in China
Hongdong Qi & Joan Berman
Through interviewing managers of related firms and analyzing features and problems of American direct investment in China, the authors of this paper elaborate on their advice about how to do business in China along with the sample illustration of Motorola in China.

Education for Economic Development in Cross Section of Countries
Kazuo Kuroda
The paper makes statistical analysis about the effect of the educational gender gap on social and economic factors, particularly on economic growth. Controversial results are presented that the educational gender gap had a positive impact on economic growth

Part III: Cultural and Gender Expressions

Culture and Rebellion
Jan Carew
The paper presents the author's thinking about the cultural and social complexities indicated in the civil rights movement in the U.S.

Culture and Ethnicity in the Politics of the Natal Indian Congress: Some Reflections on Their Role in the New South Africa
Surendra Bhana
The paper focuses on the analysis of cultural and ethnic identities in the political development of the Natal Indian Congress and the implications of their functions in the new South Africa.

The Fight Against Linguistic Intolerance
Denise Troutman
The paper discusses the effect of the English Only Movement, especially for African American English (AAE) speakers, and the reasons why AAE is not typically considered in discussions on the English Only Movement. The author of this paper also provides a solution to the English only controversy.

Beijing, the NGO Movement, and the Rise of Women in the Vanguard of the Quest for Equality, Peace and Development
Joy Gleason Carew
This paper looks at the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women and its Parallel NGO Forum '95, and examine the increasing importance of the NGO movement and of women in the shaping of a "new world order" in which women are actors, rather than spectators.

Part V: Health, Technology and Environment

Sexual and Reproductive Health as a Human Right
Victoria F. Meyer
The author of this paper presents arguments for the full recognition of women's sexual and reproductive health as a human right and the steps needed to ensure this right.

The Caribbean Destination Life Cycle
Jerome L. McElroy
The paper develops an early warning system by presenting a theory of how island tourism evolves in three statges-the destination life cycle-and progressively stresses fragile insular marine and terrestrial ecosystem assets. It tests the model empirically on 18 small Caribbean islands and concludes with specific recommendations for using the life cycle as an early warning signal to improve chances for developing a sustainable island tourism.

A 21st Century Vision for Intelligent Intermodal Transportation Systems and Technologies
Carl Berkowitz & Clifford Bragdon
The paper describes a comprehensive and innovative approach by the American National Aviation and Transportation Center in the area of intelligent intermodal transportation education, training and applied research. Environmental concerns are implied in the approach.

Strategies for Environmental Protection in Third World Countries with Reference to Uganda
Abu L. Senkayi
Environmental protection has become an increasingly eminent concern in relation to the increased production and industrialization in the Third World countries. The author of this paper tries to explore innovative alternatives for environmental protection and industrial development by using Uganda as a case of study. It is concluded that the risk-based environmental management strategy should be applicable to the Third World countries.

Part IV: Social Development in Africa--A Reevaluation

Pan Africanism: A Solution in the Twenty-First Century
Bruce Twyman
The paper explores the historical development and prospect for Pan Africanism from a wide scope.

The Nature of African Thought
Nkuzi M. Nnam
The paper examines the five major sources of African philosophical thought: proverbs, mythologies, religion, individuals and jurisprudence. It places special emphasis on jurisprudence as one of the pivotal sources of the African philosophical thought.

Privatization and Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Long Road Ahead
Kasazi M. Shalishali
The author believes the importance of national economic environment and improved efficiency for international investment in Africa. Accordingly, privatization process in Africa during the post-colonial era is examined and future trends are implied in the paper.

Indigenous African Religions and Environmentally Sustainable Development
Emmanuel Wongibe
The paper examines the philosophy and contribution of indigenous African religion to environmentally sustainable development from a species preservation and protection perspective. It concludes that some aspects of indigenous African religions contribute to environmentally sustainable development while some others have a long term negative impart.

Public and Private Relations in the Technological Enhancement Policy of Nigeria
Robert Dibie
The author of this paper critically analyzes the public-private relations in the process of building Nigeria's technology development. More public-private relations are suggested in the development of indigenous and appropriate technology for Nigeria.